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July 27, 2022

The question:

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If refraining from sexual contact for three-to-eight weeks could save lives and put a stop to suffering in your community, would you do it?

The history:

Monkeypox is an animal virus that can be transmitted to and between humans. In 1970, the first human case of monkeypox was identified in a child in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It has appeared since then mostly in tropical African countries. The 2003 outbreak in the U.S. was via infected prairie dog pets that had been housed with infected animals imported from Ghana. Most outbreaks outside of the African continent have originated from contact with travelers from Nigeria.

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The science:

The current monkeypox outbreak is, almost exclusively, a sexually transmitted disease. The World Health Organization has declared it a disease of global public health importance. The cohort being infected during this outbreak is the MSM community. No, not the mainstream media; the men who have sex with men. Nowadays I guess that would be the males (XYs) who have sex with males (XYs), although anyone in intimate contact with an infected person can get it.

According to WHO, the disease has an incubation period of as few as 5 and as many as 21 days. The first symptoms are fever, intense headache, swollen lymph nodes, back pain, muscle aches, and extreme fatigue. The skin lesions usually appear within 1 to 3 days of the fever. Specific to this period, which lasts from two to four weeks, WHO says:

The rash tends to be more concentrated on the face and extremities rather than on the trunk. It affects the face (in 95% of cases), and palms of the hands and soles of the feet (in 75% of cases). Also affected are oral mucous membranes (in 70% of cases), genitalia (30%), and conjunctivae (20%), as well as the cornea. The rash evolves sequentially from macules (lesions with a flat base) to papules (slightly raised firm lesions), vesicles (lesions filled with clear fluid), pustules (lesions filled with yellowish fluid), and crusts which dry up and fall off. The number of lesions varies from a few to several thousand. In severe cases, lesions can coalesce until large sections of skin slough off.

The R naught—the reproductive rate of the virus—is probably less than that of smallpox, which is 3.5 to 6.0. Monkeypox is infectious from the first sign of symptoms until the rash is fully healed and new skin has formed.

According to the CDC, it is spread through intimate contact with the rash, scabs, or bodily fluids, including close contact with respiratory secretions while kissing, touching items that have touched a rash or such body fluids, and traveling through the placenta. Monkeypox virus enters the body through broken skin, the respiratory tract, eyes, nose, and mouth.