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July 20, 2022

On Feb. 27, 2022, just days after invading Ukraine, Russian President Vladimir Putin issued an order to prepare Russian nuclear weapons for use.

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Putin referred to this action as putting nuclear weapons “on special alert.” This step meant effectively placing an announcement: “Beware! The Russian Federation is a superpower, for it has nuclear weapons.”

The superpower had just attacked another country that had renounced its nuclear weapons in exchange for its security guarantees, as set forth in the Budapest Memorandum signed on Dec. 5, 1994. This document, signed also by the Russian Federation, contains the following paragraph:

“The Russian Federation, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America confirm their commitment to seek immediate action by the UN Security Council to assist Ukraine as a non-nuclear-weapon state party to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty in the event that Ukraine becomes a victim of an act of aggression or is threatened with aggression with nuclear weapons.”

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Ukraine has since become a victim of aggression by a nuclear superpower.

The Russian Federation’s attack on Ukraine is a gross violation of its obligations under the Budapest Memorandum.

Georgetown University professor and national and international security expert Dr. Philip Karber said, “The military intervention in Crimea was a violation of international law, the first state-level territorial aggression since the end of World War II. These actions violate the UN Charter, Article 2, they violate documents that the Russian side has signed, including the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, on short- and medium-range forces, and agreements on the reduction of conventional armed forces. And this is a blatant violation of the Budapest Memorandum on security guarantees for Ukraine, which will have consequences for the entire international system (arms control) in the future.”

Dr. Karber was referring to the seizure of Crimea in 2014. Of course, an even greater violation of the UN Charter, the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and the Budapest Memorandum is the Russian Federation’s attack on Ukraine on Feb. 24, 2022. 

The Russian leadership’s repeated reminder that their country is a nuclear power is more than just superpower self-assertion. By declaring the purpose of its attack on Ukraine its “denazification,” the Russian Federation thereby declared that its victory over Nazi Germany in World War II gives it the moral right to determine which country is a Nazi and what “punishment” that country should bear for its supposed “guilt,” as established by the Russian Federation. 

The Russian Federation believes that the victory of a different state, the USSR, and its allies in World War II, gives it a moral advantage over other countries in any conflict.